Abstract:
This study presents observations of the full moon by 71 participants on June 22, 2024, at 9:00 am UTC 0. Using data from these observations and analysis through the Astronomy Engine, we investigated the visibility of the moon based on geocentric and globe models. Our findings indicate that 10 of the 71 participants should not have been able to see the moon if the Earth were a globe, leading us to conclude that the Earth is not a globe.
Introduction:
Flat Geocentric Cosmology, the belief that Earth is the flat center of the universe, has been a subject of debate and investigation for centuries. This study aims to provide observational evidence supporting geocentric cosmology by analyzing the visibility of the full moon on a specific date and time. We utilized the Astronomy Engine, a precise tool based on VSOP87 and NOVAS C 3.1 models, to compare observed data with expected results under the globe model.
Methodology:
Observations were collected from 71 participants worldwide on June 22, 2024, at 9:00 am UTC 0. Participants posted photographs of the full moon at the designated time. The locations and times were processed through a custom algorithm designed to determine moon visibility based on the participant’s latitude and longitude.
The algorithm, implemented in JavaScript, evaluates moon visibility using the following steps:
- Convert the participant’s geographical coordinates into observer data.
- Calculate the right ascension (RA) and declination (Dec) for both the moon and the sun.
- Transform these equatorial coordinates into horizon coordinates to obtain the moon and sun’s altitudes.
- Determine moon visibility based on a tilt of 9 degrees from the horizon, ensuring the full moon’s visibility.
The code snippet used is as follows:
Results:
The algorithm and data analysis revealed that 10 out of 71 participants were located in areas where the full moon should not have been visible according to the globe model. The specific locations where the moon should not have been visible are as follows:
- Stark County
- Belmont, Michigan
- Flint, West Virginia
- Madison Heights
- 111 Mile House
- Red Deer
- Wendell, Alberta
This discrepancy suggests that the conventional globe model does not account for the observed data.
Discussion:
The findings challenge the globe model’s prediction capabilities, suggesting an alternative explanation. The geocentric model provides a more consistent framework for the observed data. The visibility of the full moon in regions where it should not have been visible under the globe model points towards the need for a re-evaluation of current cosmological theories.
Conclusion:
Our analysis of the full moon observations on June 22, 2024, supports the hypothesis that the Earth is not a globe. The inability of the globe model to accurately predict moon visibility for certain locations necessitates further investigation into geocentric cosmology.
Data Availability:
The data collected for this study, including the geographical coordinates and visibility results, are available in an accompanying Excel file. Researchers interested in further analysis are encouraged to access this data.
Acknowledgments:
We thank our private research group for their diligent efforts in collecting and sharing observational data.
References:
- Astronomy Engine GitHub Repository. Available at: https://github.com/cosinekitty/astronomy
- VSOP87 and NOVAS C 3.1 models.
Appendix:
- Excel file with detailed observation data and analysis results.
This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion and exploration of geocentric cosmology by providing empirical data and analysis that challenge the current understanding of the Earth’s shape and position in the universe.
Peer Review Simon Richards
Why did you allow a “tilt” of 9° above the horizon to forecast visibility when the moon only has an angular size of about 0.5°? This would suggest to me it would be fully visible if just 0.25° above the horizon, and that the 9° is 36x too much. Wouldn’t this result in forecasts of non-visibility when the moon would in fact be visible, creating the very results you use to conclude the earth is not a globe … ?
Peer Review Dave Thomas
Steven Alonzo, There are some serious problems with your website and analysis.
(1) There is a link supposedly to “Excel file with detailed observation data and analysis results.”, but the file only contains Location name, longitude, and latitude. There are no detailed observation data and results.
(2) Lack of documentation. For something so momentous as to overturn centuries of accepted science, why isn’t there a detailed photograph of the moon, with proof of location and time, for each of the supposed anomalies?
(3) I picked the West Virginia location at random. This is supposedly where the moon was seen at 9:00 UTC on June 22, 2024, at location W80.4549026, N38.5976262. Your claim is that this is one the locations where the ” full moon should not have been visible according to the globe model.” But that’s wrong. Look at the diagram I made with the assistance of www dot mooncalc dot org. I put in the precise location and time specified, and find that the moon IS VISIBLE at 5:00 AM (UTC-4). in fact, the moon doesn’t even set until an hour later, at 6:00AM local time. At 9:00 UTC (5 AM local time) the moon is 7.89 degrees in elevation, more than enough to be seen in reality, but JUST BELOW THE ARBITRARY 9 DEGREE CUTOFF for your “ANALYSIS.” That amounts to simple deception – you claim the globe model demands the moon NOT be seen, when the opposite is clearly true.
Peer Review Robert Morphis
Steven Alonzo Go to mooncalc.org
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At 9:00 AM UTC the moon has an altitude below 10 degrees at those sites, I only say one above 9 degrees.
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Your program filtered those out.
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Your web site says:
“Determine moon visibility based on a tilt of 9 degrees from the horizon”
Somebody else posted the following link, it says:
“altitude thresholds (10 degrees for the Moon”
To anyone who’s ever observed anything in the sky, it should be obvious that nine degrees is nowhere near the limit of what is visible in the horizon. Even with trees or buildings in the distance two degrees is more realistic. Maybe run your program again but try zero degrees? Or maybe spend some quality time away from the internet and looking at beautiful stars.
Location: Western Suburbs | Moon Altitude: 19.193°
Location: Melbourne | Moon Altitude: 19.414°
Location: West Palm Beach | Moon Altitude: 16.295°
Location: Bairnsdale | Moon Altitude: 21.391°
Location: Izard County | Moon Altitude: 15.451°
Location: Bethania | Moon Altitude: 22.306°
Location: Jasper | Moon Altitude: 13.094°
Location: Stark County | Moon Altitude: 6.593°
Location: Post Falls | Moon Altitude: 12.182°
Location: O‘ahu | Moon Altitude: 32.447°
Location: Mesa | Moon Altitude: 25.131°
Location: Nowra | Moon Altitude: 22.715°
Location: Dunedin | Moon Altitude: 39.707°
Location: Central Illinois | Moon Altitude: 11.038°
Location: Palmerston North | Moon Altitude: 43.317°
Location: Oklahoma | Moon Altitude: 18.691°
Location: Gisborne | Moon Altitude: 45.121°
Location: Cairns | Moon Altitude: 11.673°
Location: East Tennessee | Moon Altitude: 11.574°
Location: Wellington | Moon Altitude: 42.720°
Location: St. Louis | Moon Altitude: 12.638°
Location: Belmont | Moon Altitude: 6.984°
Location: Nebraska | Moon Altitude: 14.029°
Location: Grand Forks | Moon Altitude: 11.072°
Location: Florida | Moon Altitude: 16.518°
Location: Broadbeach | Moon Altitude: 22.656°
Location: Michigan | Moon Altitude: 6.013°
Location: Elwood | Moon Altitude: 9.293°
Location: East Helena | Moon Altitude: 12.462°
Location: Jacksonville | Moon Altitude: 14.647°
Location: Taranaki | Moon Altitude: 42.350°
Location: Mississippi | Moon Altitude: 17.350°
Location: Sonora | Moon Altitude: 22.256°
Location: Pakenham | Moon Altitude: 19.893°
Location: Brisbane | Moon Altitude: 22.118°
Location: Friendswood | Moon Altitude: 22.543°
Location: Owasso | Moon Altitude: 17.084°
Location: Houston | Moon Altitude: 22.420°
Location: Canberra | Moon Altitude: 21.703°
Location: Christchurch | Moon Altitude: 41.192°
Location: Barham | Moon Altitude: 17.993°
Location: Flint | Moon Altitude: 6.147°
Location: West Virginia | Moon Altitude: 7.870°
Location: Guadalajara | Moon Altitude: 34.004°
Location: Kentucky | Moon Altitude: 10.453°
Location: Madison Heights | Moon Altitude: 6.277°
Location: Tecumseh | Moon Altitude: 18.409°
Location: Heber City | Moon Altitude: 18.222°
Location: Bend | Moon Altitude: 16.314°
Location: Saint John’s | Moon Altitude: 9.270°
Location: Joliet | Moon Altitude: 9.330°
Location: Gold Coast | Moon Altitude: 22.625°
Location: Goose Creek | Moon Altitude: 11.759°
Location: American Fork | Moon Altitude: 18.426°
Location: Baytown | Moon Altitude: 22.262°
Location: 111 Mile House | Moon Altitude: 8.644°
Location: Louisville | Moon Altitude: 10.842°
Location: Battle Ground | Moon Altitude: 14.705°
Location: Lebanon | Moon Altitude: 9.155°
Location: Salt Lake City | Moon Altitude: 18.077°
Location: Hartville | Moon Altitude: 14.812°
Location: Red Deer | Moon Altitude: 7.284°
Location: Athens | Moon Altitude: 14.162°
Location: Springfield | Moon Altitude: 16.490°
Location: Wendell | Moon Altitude: 8.780°
Location: Victoria | Moon Altitude: 12.123°
Location: North Carolina | Moon Altitude: 9.163°
Location: Alberta | Moon Altitude: 6.029°
Location: Mayfield | Moon Altitude: 13.442°
Location: Queensland | Moon Altitude: 12.698°
Location: Sullivan County | Moon Altitude: 10.444°